La blockchain DAO como una evolución del Trust Norteamericano: Aspectos jurídicos y filosóficos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33324/dicere.v2i1.877Palabras clave:
DAO, blockchain, fideicomiso, fiduciario, derecho anglosajón, derecho continentalResumen
Este artículo explora los fundamentos filosóficos del fideicomiso norteamericano y su conexión con la tecnología blockchain, proponiendo que las Organizaciones Autónomas Descentralizadas (DAO) representan su evolución tecnológica directa. Con raíces en las tradiciones del derecho consuetudinario, el fideicomiso se deriva de un énfasis en la libertad negativa, donde los individuos protegen sus bienes de la intervención estatal transfiriendo la propiedad legal a un fideicomisario. Este acuerdo mantiene la autonomía y resiste posibles cambios en la regulación o política gubernamental. Las DAO, impulsadas por contratos inteligentes autoejecutables, conservan el propósito fundamental del fideicomiso —proteger los activos y garantizar la gobernanza independiente—, a la vez que eliminan la dependencia de un único fiduciario. Al distribuir el poder administrativo a través de una red descentralizada, las DAO mejoran la resiliencia ante la imprevisibilidad política y económica. Sin embargo, las jurisdicciones europeas, influenciadas por la noción de libertad positiva de Rousseau, tradicionalmente subordinan la propiedad al interés colectivo, restringiendo así los fideicomisos y, más recientemente, imponiendo medidas regulatorias a las organizaciones blockchain. En Europa, esta idea suele colisionar con los marcos legales que priorizan el interés público, lo que lleva al escrutinio regulatorio de los sistemas basados en blockchain. A pesar de estos desafíos, las DAO continúan perfeccionando los principios fundamentales del fideicomiso en un entorno tecnológicamente avanzado, ofreciendo seguridad y autonomía. En definitiva, esta evolución reafirma la persistente tensión entre la libertad individual y la autoridad gubernamental que sustenta la tradición jurídica anglosajona.
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Derechos de autor 2025 DICERE Revista de Derecho y Estudios Internacionales
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